{"id":153,"date":"2019-04-28T01:32:41","date_gmt":"2019-04-28T05:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/?page_id=153"},"modified":"2019-05-03T19:57:40","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T23:57:40","slug":"conclusion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/conclusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Conclusion"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_147\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-147 size-medium\" title=\"A Manufactured Wilderness, Abigail Van Slyck.\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/seton-play-ind-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/seton-play-ind-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/seton-play-ind.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-147\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Early photo of playing Indian at Seton&#8217;s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>E<\/strong>arly girls\u2019 camps were established on ideas to build a nation and resist the perceived drawback of modernity &#8211; through the wholesale acculturation of Native American lifeways.\u00a0 In response to these anxieties stimulated by a rapidly altered American culture, ideas of child development were perceived as a way to protect and ensure a continuity of a physically superior race. In this vein, camps were a way to maintain emotional and physically gendered roles for future citizens of a growing nation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>O<\/strong>ver time, summer camps challenged girls to be strong, independent and skillful.<\/p>\n<p><strong>G<\/strong>irl\u2019s camps were seen as progressive institute of education and became an accepted part of girls\u2019 development among white middle and upper-class families. Leaders of the camps saw camp experiences as a way to improve girls lives by enhancing their relationship with family and friends-and building self-respect, self- reliance and courage. Summer camps continue to operate and some with the use of \u201ctime honored Native American themes using respectful approaches to Indigenous culture and competency.\u201d (ACA) How camps afford respectful and educative activities within sociocultural contexts remains to be seen.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_106\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-106\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-106\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/Indiana-State-Library-Photograph-Division-300x255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/Indiana-State-Library-Photograph-Division-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/389\/2019\/04\/Indiana-State-Library-Photograph-Division.png 706w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-106\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Girl Scouts of America,<br \/>Indiana State Library.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Campfire Girls. https:\/\/campfire.org.<\/li>\n<li>John Cucchi. \u201cVisiting with Betty Ridley.\u201d Video. YouTube, 2008. Retrieved 20 Mar 2019.\u00a0Eastman Family Papers. Jones Library. Amherst, MA. Folder 2. Photo 3, 11,19<\/li>\n<li>Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Photo of Baldwin Locomotive Works 1888. <a href=\"https:\/\/philadelphiaencyclopedia.org\/archive\/industrial-neighborhoods\/\">https:\/\/philadelphiaencyclopedia.org\/archive\/industrial-neighborhoods\/. <\/a>Retrieved 2 April 2019<u>.<\/u><\/li>\n<li>Eastman, Goodale, Dayton Papers. Sophia Smith Collection. Box 12, Fiile 6; Photo 2, 3; Article&#8221; Training American Girls as Indians.&#8221; Boston Sunday Post, June 21, 1915. Box 15, Folder 1. Jones Library Information on Eastman&#8217;s; Series II, Box 5 Folder 6.<\/li>\n<li>Jennifer Helgren. &#8220;Native American and White Camp Fire Girls Enact Modern Girlhood, 1910\u201339.&#8221;\u00a0<em>American Quarterly\u00a0<\/em>66, no. 2 (2014): 333-360. https:\/\/muse-jhu-edu.libproxy.smith.edu\/ (accessed March 3, 2019.).<\/li>\n<li>Shari M. Huhndorf. <em>Going Native: Indians in the American Cultural Imagination.<\/em>\u00a0 Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press. (2001) pp 8-9. Print.<\/li>\n<li>Indiana State Library. Photo. Girl Scouts. 1914. Web. Retrieved 4 April 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Susan A. Miller.<em>Growing Girls. The Natural Origins of Girl\u2019s Organizations in American<\/em>. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. 2007. pp3, 5, 6. Print.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Wilma Miranda. Ruth Yerkes, ed.\u00a0 American Camp Association. \u201cOne Hundred Years of American Camping Celebration.\u201d 2018.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aca.org\/\">www.aca.org<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Roderick Nash.\u00a0<em>Wilderness and the American Mind. <\/em>New Haven. Yale University Press.\u00a01967. p.153. Print.<\/li>\n<li>National Park Service. \u201cConservation, Preservation, and Environmental Activism.\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nps.gov...retrieved\/\">nps.gov. Retrieved <\/a>31 Mar 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Nelson Historical Society. Postcards from Munsonville: Camps Oahe, Winnenomack and Others. 1901-1950. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nelsonhistory.org\/\">nelsonhistory.org<\/a>. Web. Retrieved 20 Mar 2019.<\/li>\n<li>National Archives. \u201cTeaching with Documents: Photographs of Lewis Hine: Documentation of Child Labor.\u201d. www.archives.gov. Web. Retrieved 31 Mar 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Rockwell, Norman. &#8220;Recitation.&#8221; Illustration. Saturday Evening Post &amp; Curtis Publishing Company. June 15, 1919 edition. Web. Retrieved 30 Mar 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Ernest Thompson Seton. <em>The Birch-bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians, Containing their Constitution, Laws, Games, and Deeds <\/em>(New York: Doubleday, Page &amp; Company, 1907)<\/li>\n<li>Susan Schrepfer.<em>Nature\u2019s Altars: Mountains, Gender, and American Environmentalism <\/em>(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005), p.156. Print.<\/li>\n<li>Kiara M. Vigil. \u201cCharles Eastman\u2019s School of the Woods. Re-creation Related to Childhood Race and Gender at Camp Oahe.\u201d <em>American Quarterly, 70, no 1 (2018) 25-53. <\/em>https:\/\/ muse. Jhu.edu\/ accessed February 27, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>Abigail A.Van Slyck. <em>A Manufactured Wilderness.<\/em> Minneapolis.University of MN Press. 2006.Print<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Early girls\u2019 camps were established on ideas to build a nation and resist the perceived drawback of modernity &#8211; through the wholesale acculturation of&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/conclusion\/\">Continue Reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Conclusion<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1328,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-153","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1328"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":221,"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/arx340-lmoynahan\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}