“Betty Millard Papers.” Smith College Libraries. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/1179.
Du Bois, W. E. B. The Autobiography of W. E. B. Du Bois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century. Oxford University Press, 2007.
Du Bois, W. E. B. “Criteria of Negro Art.” The Crisis, Vol. 32, October 1926: pp. 290-297. https://allisonbolah.com/site_resources/reading_list/DuBois.pdf.
Du Bois, W. E. B. “Ghana Calls.” Poetry Foundation. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43027/ghana-calls.
Du Bois, W. E. B. “The Humor of Negroes.” Mark Twain Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Fall-Winter, 1942-1943), p. 12. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42657803.
“The Encyclopedia Africana & Pan-Africanism” W. E. B. Du Bois, Robert W. Williams. http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-ency.html.
Itzigsohn, José and Karida L. Brown. The Sociology of W. E. B. Du Bois: Racialized Modernity and the Global Color Line. New York University Press, 2020.
McCammack, Brian. “W. E. B. Du Bois and the American Environment.” Edge Effects. Updated Oct. 12, 2019. https://edgeeffects.net/w-e-b-du-bois-and-the-american-environment/.
Lewis, David Levering. W.E.B. Du Bois: a Biography. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2009.
“Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882).” The Walden Woods Project. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://www.walden.org/what-we-do/library/the-transcendentalists-their-lives-writings/ralph-waldo-emerson-1803-1882/.
“The Rhodora.” Poets, Academy of American Poets. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://poets.org/poem/rhodora.
Sundquist, Eric J. To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993.
“Toussaint Louverture: Haitian revolutionary leader.” National Museum of African American History and Culture. Smithsonian Institution. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://nmaahc.si.edu/latinx/toussaint-louverture.
“W.E.B. Du Bois Papers: Collection Overview.” UMass Amherst Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives. Accessed April 24, 2022. http://findingaids.library.umass.edu/ead/mums312.
Weinberg, Meyer, ed. The World of W.E.B. Du Bois: A Quotation Sourcebook. Amherst and Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
“William Butler Yeats.” Poetry Foundation. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/william-butler-yeats.
“#1208: Willa Cather to Cyril Clemens, December 28 [1933].” Willa Cather Archive, University of Nebraska Lincoln. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://cather.unl.edu/writings/letters/let1208.
IMAGES
Dean and professors at Atlanta University, ca. 1905. W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-i0403.
Great Barrington High School, Class of 1884, 1884. W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-i0388.
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library. “Alexander Crummell, clergyman, teacher and missionary” New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed April 24, 2022. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/itms/a7d0e925-f893-eff6-e040-e00a18060357.
University of Virginia. “Musical Hypertext Edition of The Souls of Black Folk By W.E.B. Du Bois.” Sept. 1996, http://www.way.net/SoulsOfBlackFolk/SoulsOfBlackFolk.html.
W. E. B. Du Bois and his wife Nina Du Bois, ca. 1945. W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-i0469.
W. E. B. Du Bois and Shirely Graham Du Bois with unidentified Chinese dignitary singing at farewell dinner hosted by China’s Peace Council, 1959. W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-i0688.
W. E. B. Du Bois with his car, ca. 1945. W. E. B. Du Bois Papers (MS 312). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. https://credo.library.umass.edu/view/full/mums312-i0471.