{"id":2,"date":"2022-07-01T12:45:13","date_gmt":"2022-07-01T12:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/ourworlds\/?page_id=2"},"modified":"2023-04-27T13:43:42","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T17:43:42","slug":"sample-page","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.smith.edu\/ourworlds\/sample-page\/","title":{"rendered":"Lorraine"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Greenwich Village, 1957. Lorraine Hansberry is writin<\/span>g A Raisin in the Sun<\/span><\/i>, which will soon become the first play written by a Black woman to be performed on Broadway \u2014 she is 27 years old, separating from her husband, and teetering on the brink of stardom. Molly Malone Cook is taking photos. Photos of chess players in Washington Square, of boys with telescopes\u2014 and of Lorraine. [1]<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

It would take countless empty museums to display all that we don\u2019t know about hidden (and erased) queer love. There\u2019s no record of exactly when Lorraine and Mary met, or where. 1957, sure, but during spring or autumn? Missing too is when their brief love affair ended. By the time Lorraine was attending the premieres of A Raisin in the Sun <\/em>in 1959, Molly Malone Cook was in Provincetown, opening a photography gallery and beginning a life with poet Mary Oliver. Oliver would later write about a relationship Molly had before her, possibly referring to Lorraine:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cI believe she loved totally and was loved totally. I know about it, and I am glad\u2026I only mean to say that this love, and the ensuing emptiness of its ending, changed her. Of such events we are always changed- not necessarily badly, but changed. Who doesn’t know this doesn’t know much.\u201d [2]<\/a> .<\/span><\/h2>\r\n
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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Like many mid-century lesbian relationships, we do not know much about Molly and Lorraine\u2019s love.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Unlike many mid-century lesbian relationships, we have photographs.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

In her biography of Hansberry, Imani Perry explores Molly\u2019s photographs of Lorraine, writing that: <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201c…photos are different from all the others and tell a story in and of themselves. In them, Lorraine does not have her race-woman armor on as she usually does. Nor is she posed. She is casual, tomboyish. Her hair is mussed. Her back curved, adolescent, languorous, and playful at once. The light and wonder that we know must have often been in her eyes, because of her wicked humor and deep curiosity, I have seen only Molly capture on camera. The images are a dance of love.\u201d [3]<\/a> <\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Molly was an avid photographer, one of the first employed by the Village Voice. [4]<\/a> <\/em>In these photographs, Lorraine is not stifled, nor a posing muse \u2014 she is mid-laugh, mid-thought, mid-song. We can imagine them not just as photographer and subject, artist and muse, but as equals \u2014 lover and lover.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/h2>\r\n

A Note on Deferral<\/h1>\r\n
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Note from Lorraine Hansberry to Molly Malone Cook, with sticky-note written by Mary Oliver.\u00a0 Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

In an undated telegram, Lorraine Hansberry writes to Molly Malone Cook, discussing the Langston Hughes poem from which she’d borrow a line to name her play [5]<\/a> \u2014\u00a0A Raisin in the<\/em> Sun.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

“Dictionary says \u2014 “defer (deferred)…to put off to a future time; postpone; delay\u2014” I suppose it means dreams and things too…they don’t just have to explode, Sweet.” – C<\/h3>\r\n

The idea of deferral is integral to understanding Lorraine’s identity as a Black lesbian woman; in her analysis of a documentary about Lorraine Hansberry, Jennifer DeClue writes that “the concept and problematics of deferral not only punctuate the narrative of A Raisin in the Sun but hug the contours of Hansberry’s life as an activist, outline the closeted confines of her sexual desire, and concretize with the impact of her untimely death.” [6]<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Notably, Lorraine does not sign this note to her lesbian love with her name, but rather an initial that is not her own: C. Her ability to live as an out and known queer person is deferred.<\/p>\r\n

But even if Lorraine could not live publicly as a lesbian, this does not mean she deferred loving \u2014 nor does it mean that sexuality was not an important part of her life.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Indeed, this note evidences that Molly (or, “Sweet”) was an important part of her intellectual life, and it also suggests that she was actively thinking about sexuality and intersectionality while working on A Raisin in the Sun<\/em>.\u00a0 Hansberry’s husband would later say, after Hansberry’s death, that her lesbianism was “not a peripheral or causal part of her life but contributed significantly on many levels to the sensitivity and complexity of her view on human beings and of the world.\u201d 7]<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\r\n

The concept of (forced) deferral also turns the photographs Molly Malone Cook took into active actions of resistance<\/strong>. Of insisting we are here.\u00a0<\/em>Of refusing to postpone by capturing the present.<\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

The Art \u2014 and Power \u2014 Of Looking<\/h1>\r\n
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Lorraine Hansberry, \u201cChanson du Konallis,\u201d published in The Ladder under a pen name, film still from Sighted Eyes\/Feeling Heart (2017)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

In the late 1950s, Lorraine wrote short stories for gay magazine <\/span>One <\/span><\/i>and lesbian publication <\/span>The Ladder<\/span><\/i> under a pseudonym, \u201cEmily Jones.\u201d[8]<\/a> Her stories explore, among other themes, the thrills and dangers of \u201clooking\u201d for lesbians \u2014 the pleasure of looking at another woman and the terrifying nature of being seen for who you are. Unlike Lorraine’s other works, these short stories predominantly feature white characters, perhaps a reflection \u2014 and a critique \u2014 of who was allowed to be a \u2018visible\u2019 lesbian.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Chanson du Konallis, <\/span><\/em>published in The Ladder<\/em>, <\/span>1958, her narrator remarks, “What a strange moment. It had happened before in life. On the street; parties; in classes in school years back; <\/span>the thing of being surrounded by many people and suddenly finding another girl’s or woman’s eyes, commanding one, holding one’s own.<\/strong> It was extraordinary. Pleasant, she thought. No, not pleasant. Terrifying because of the kind of pleasure it brought.”[9]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The politics of looking are alive and well not only in Lorraine’s prose, but in photographs of her.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

We are looking at Molly looking at Lorraine (a lover looking at a lover), and Lorraine is looking at us.<\/strong> What is Lorraine seeing, behind the camera? After Molly passed away, Mary Oliver would write that her favorite photo of Molly “demonstrates so well that straight-on, clear-eyed look that Molly gave you. When she looked at you, you knew you were truly and deeply seen!”[10]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

In looking at these pictures, we might also ask: what isn’t pictured? For example, DeClue writes in her analysis that though photos and film show that “Hansberry was surrounded by white lesbians…Was Baldwin not a part of her Black gay community? Did she know Audre Lorde?” [11]<\/a> (Audre Lorde would later write about the influence Hansberry had on her, noting, \u201cWhen you see the plays and read the words of Lorraine Hansberry, you are reading the words of a woman who loved women deeply.\u201d) [12]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n

At a crucial moment in Lorraine’s story, her narrator decides to hold her gaze with the beautiful woman who is looking at her. [13]<\/a> She writes, “She did not drop her eyes this time, Why should she? There was pleasure in the looking, she thought suddenly, wildly, yes, she would look right back at her!<\/strong> And she did.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

This World<\/h1>\r\n

Lorraine Hansberry’s radical and vibrant life ended far too soon; she passed away at the age of 34 after having pancreatic cancer.[14]<\/a><\/p>\r\n

In\u00a0a journal entry, Molly writes about turning on the TV and seeing a woman she used to know. She does not name this person, but it is possible to imagine that this is Lorraine: [15]<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u201cIt was wild. Her voice. I couldn’t replay it. She spoke only a few words. It was mind-\u200b\u200bboggling. I wonder if I shall ever be able to come back to listen and watch her again\u2026Well I never thought I would see her again \u2014 knew I would never hear her voice again in this world.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

Oh, I did always think I would see her again and hear her voice again, <\/span><\/h3>\r\n

\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n

but not in this world.\u201d<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

.<\/p>\r\n

\"Lorraine
Lorraine Hansberry photographed by Molly Malone Cook, Molly Malone Cook papers, Sophia Smith Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n

Further Research<\/h2>\r\n

To learn more, you can explore:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n