Bibliography

This bibliography is organized according to slide title.

Domestic Labor as Sacred

Susan Kellogg, Weaving the Past: A History of Latin America’s Indigenous Women from the Prehispanic Period to the Present (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005). First quotation from p. 63.

Louise M. Burkhart, “Mexica Women on the Home Front: Housework and Religion in Aztec Mexico.” Indian Women of Early Mexico, eds. Susan Schroeder, Stephanie Wood and Robert Haskett (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997): 25-54. Second quotation from p. 35.

Irene Silverblatt, Moon, Sun, Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987).

Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998).

Indigenous Americas

Robbie Ethridge, “The Rise and Fall of Mississippian Ancient Towns and Cities, 1000-1700.” Oxford Research Encyclopedias, March 2018.

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 33-34, 162-63. Quotation on p. 39.

Inga Clendinnen, Aztecs: An Interpretation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).

Indigenous Women’s Power

Sarah Deer, The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015), 18-21.

Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop. Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions (Boston: Beacon, 1992).

Jennifer Nez Denetdale, Reclaiming Diné History: The Legacies of Navajo Chief Manuelito and Juanita (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2007).

Mark St. Pierre and Tilda Long Soldier, Walking in the Sacred Manner: Healers, Dreamers, and Pipe Carriers — Medicine Women of the Plains (New York: Touchstone, 1995), Quotation on p. 81.

Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998).

Servitude Before European Conquest

Inga Clendinnen, Aztecs: An Interpretation (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016). Quotation on p. 33-35.

The European Conquest of the Americas

Patrick Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology (London and New York City: Continuum International Publishing Group, 1998), 2.

Kehaulani Kauanui, “‘A Structure, Not an Event’: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity.” Lateral: Journal of the Cultural Studies Association 5:1 (Spring 2016).

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 78.

Paul S. Boyer, et al., The Enduring Vision, Volume I: To 1877. 9th Edition (Cengage, 2018).

Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, eds., Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009).

Benjamin Keen and Keith Hayes, A History of Latin America. Seventh Edition (Boston: Cengage Learning, 2004).

Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States: 1492 – Present (New York: Harper Perennial, 1992).

Capitalism and the Origins of Paid Domestic Labor

Angela Davis, Women, Race, and Class (New York: Vintage Books, 1983).

Robin D. G. Kelley, “What is Racial Capitalism and Why Does it Matter?” Lecture delivered at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, November 7, 2017.

Cedric Robinson, Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Second Edition (Durham: University of North Carolina Press, 2000).

Ed Baptist, The Half that Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014).

Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour (London: Zed Books, 1986).

Patriarchy and Conquest

Paula Gunn Allen, The Sacred Hoop. Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions. (Boston: Beacon, 1992), 3.

Susan Kellogg, Weaving the Past: A History of Latin America’s Indigenous Women from the Prehispanic Period to the Present (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570. Second Edition (Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 86.

Creating a Servant Class

Dedra Shawn McDonald, “Negotiated Conquests: Domestic Servants and Gender in the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands, 1598-1860” (PhD Dissertation, UNM, 2000), first quotation on p. 3.

Susan Kellogg, Weaving the Past: A History of Latin America’s Indigenous Women from the Prehispanic Period to the Present (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), second quotation on p. 65.

Margaret Ellen Newell, “Indian Slavery in Colonial New England.” In Indian Slavery in Colonial America, ed. Alan Gallay (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009), 33.

The Indian Slave Trade

Alan Gallay, “Introduction: Indian Slavery in Historical Context.” In Indian Slavery in Colonial America, ed. Alan Gallay (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009), 24-25.

Margaret Ellen Newell, “Indian Slavery in Colonial New England.” In Indian Slavery in Colonial America, ed. Alan Gallay (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009), 33-37. Quotes: “Binding Indians…”, p. 43; “to be disposed…”, pp. 36-37.

Margaret Ellen Newell, Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015).

Michael L. Fickes, “‘They Could Not Endure That Yoke’: The Captivity of Pequot Women and Children after the War of 1637.” The New England Quarterly 73:1 (March 2000); 58–81.

Alan Gallay, The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002).

James Brooks, Captives & Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands. (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2002).

Andrés Reséndez, The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016).

Robbie Ethridge and Sheri M. Shuck-Hall, eds. Mapping the Mississippian Shatter Zone: The Colonial Indian Slave Trade and Regional Instability in the American South (Lincoln: Univ of Nebraska Press, 2009).

Benjamin Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016).

Christina Snyder, Slavery in Indian Country: The Changing Face of Captivity in Early America. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010).

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 145-48.

Domestic Work in the Spanish Borderlands

Shirley Anne Wilson Moore and Quintard Taylor, “The West of African American Women, 1600-200. In African American Women Confront the Southwest 1600-2000, edited by Moore and Taylor (University of Oklahoma Press 2003), 4.

Dedra Shawn McDonald, “Negotiated Conquests: Domestic Servants and Gender in the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands, 1598-1860” (PhD Dissertation, University of New Mexico, 2000), 159-60. Quotation on 159. See also 58-9, 145, 174.

Vicki L. Ruiz and Virginia Sánchez Korrol, eds., Latinas in the United States, set : A Historical Encyclopedia (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006), 2.

Steven W. Hackel, Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis: Indian-Spanish Relations in Colonial California, 1769-1850 (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2005), 280-81, 321-56.

Robert E. Wright, “Missions and Other Colonial Churches.” The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States, Eds. Suzanne Oboler and Deena J. González (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

Virginia Marie Bouvier, Women and the Conquest of California, 1542-1840 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001), 83-107, 138.

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 223.

Malintzín Tenépal

Camilla Townsend, Malintzin’s Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006).

Frances Kartunnen, “Rethinking Malinche.” In Indian Women of Early Mexico, eds. Susan Schroeder, Stephanie Wood and Robert Haskett (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997). 291-312.

Miroslava Chávez-García, Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004), xiii-xiv.

Alicia Gaspar de Alba, “Malinche’s Revenge.” In Feminism, Nation, Myth: La Malinche, ed. Rolando Romero (Houston: Arte Público Press, 2005), 55.

Antonia Castañeda, “Malinche, Calafia y Toypurina: Of Myths, Monsters, and Embodied History.” In Feminism, Nation, Myth: La Malinche, ed. Rolando Romero (Houston: Arte Público Press, 2005).

Norma Alarcón, “Traddutora, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism.” Cultural Critique, no. 13 (1989): 57-87.

Adelaida del Castillo, “Malintzin Tenépal: A Preliminary Look into a New Perspective.” (1974)

Deena González, “Malinche Triangulated, Historically Speaking.” In Feminism, Nation, Myth: La Malinche, ed. Rolando Romero (Houston: Arte Público Press, 2005), 7, 12.

Apolinaria Lorenzana

Rosaura Sánchez, Telling Identities: The Californio Testimonies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995).

Carl Heilbron, History of San Diego County v.2: Biography. San Diego: San Diego Press Club, 1936). First quotation, 44-45.

Rose Marie Beebe, Testimonios: Early California Through the Eyes of Women, 1815-1848 (Berkeley: University of California, 2006). Second and third quotes, 18, 176.

Virginia Marie Bouvier, Women and the Conquest of California, 1542-1840 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001), 85-86.

Domestics in the Catholic Mission System, Resistance on the Catholic Missions

Virginia Marie Bouvier, Women and the Conquest of California, 1542-1840 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001), 144, 101.

Antonia Castañeda, Three Decades of Engendering History: Selected Workers of Antonia I.Castañeda. Edited by Linda Heidenreich with Antonia I. Castañeda (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2014), 71, 75. See also 72-78.

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. Fifth Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016), 224.

Dedra Shawn McDonald, “Negotiated Conquests: Domestic Servants and Gender in the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands, 1598-1860” (PhD Dissertation, University of New Mexico, 2000), 159-60.

William D. Estrada, “Toypurina.” The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States, Eds. Suzanne Oboler and Deena J. González (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

Victoria Brady, Sarah Crome, and Lyn Reese. “Resist! Survival Tactics of Indian Women.” California History 63 (Spring 1984): 140-45.

Annette Reed, “Toypurina.” In Latinas in the United States, set : A Historical Encyclopedia. Eds. Vicki L. Ruiz and Virginia Sánchez Korrol (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006).

Steven W. Hackel, Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 170.

Resistance Through the Spanish Legal System, “I Demand Justice”

Dedra Shawn McDonald. “Negotiated Conquests: Domestic Servants and Gender in the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands, 1598-1860” (PhD Dissertation, UNM, 2000), 135-39, 167-68, 249-70.

Dedra S. McDonald. “To Be Black and Female in the Spanish Southwest: Toward a History of African Women on New Spain’s Far Northern Frontier.” In African American Women Confront the Southwest 1600-2000, eds. Shirley Ann Wilson Moore and Quintard Taylor (University of Oklahoma Press 2003): 32-52.

George P. Hammond, ed., and Agapito Rey, trans., Don Juan de Oñate: Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1953), 557-58, 560-62.

Quintard Taylor, In Search of the Racial Frontier: A History of African Americans in the American West (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), 30.

Indigenous Servitude in the English Colonies, Resistance Through the English Legal System, Resistance Through Flight

Margaret Ellen Newell, “Indian Slavery in Colonial New England.” In Indian Slavery in Colonial America, ed. Alan Gallay (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009). Quotes: “exploding Indian slave trade,” p. 50; “Once indentured…”, p. 56. See also 33-61.

Margaret Ellen Newell, Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015), 60-84, 230. Quotes: “extremely footsore and ‘all-most starved’,” and “sought to increase…,” p. 104; “colonial authorities had all three branded….” and “Indian women in particular…” p. 105.

Margaret Ellen Newell, “The Changing Nature of Indian Slavery in New England, 1670-1720.” Colonial Society of Massachusetts 71 (2003): 107-36.

Michael L. Fickes, “‘They Could Not Endure That Yoke’: The Captivity of Pequot Women and Children after the War of 1637.” The New England Quarterly 73:1 (March 2000); 58–81.

Samuel and Joseph Moody, A Faithful Narrative of the Wicked Life and Remarkable Conversion of Patience Boston (Boston, 1738), in Daniel A. Cohen, Pillars of Salt, Monuments of Grace: New England Crime Literature and the Origins of American Popular Culture, 1674-1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 72-74.

White Indentured Servants

Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 153, 197.

Barbara J. Fields, “Slavery, Race, and Ideology, in the United States of America.” New Left Review 1 (1990): 95-118.

John Wareing, Indentured Migration and the Servant Trade from London to America, 1618-1718 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017).

Marilyn J. Westerkamp, “Indentured Servitude.” In The Reader’s Companion to U.S. Women’s History. Eds. Wilma Mankiller et al. (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), 276-77.

The Transatlantic Slave Trade from Africa

David Eltis and David Richardson, Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015).

Ronald W. Bailey, “Slave Labor in the Americas.” In Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Second Edition, ed. Patrick L. Mason (Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2013): 43-56.

Paul Finkelman, “Slavery.” In Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Second Edition, ed. Patrick L. Mason (Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2013).

Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013).

Ed Baptist, The Half that Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014).

The Rise of White Supremacy, The White Patriarchal Household, Conquest through Sexual Violence, Whose Revolution?, Plantation Slavery, Violence in the Plantation Household, Enslaved Women’s Resistance, The Story of Margaret Garner

Thavolia Glymph, Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008). Quotes from pp. 33, 21, 25, 45.

Stephanie M. H. Camp, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women & Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004). Quote from pp. 2-3.

Thavolia Glymph, “Rosa’s War and the Gendered Politics of a Slave Insurgency in the Civil War.” The Journal of the Civil War Era3:4 (December 2013): 501-532.

Mary E. Frederickson and Delores M. Walters, eds. Gendered Resistance: Women, Slavery, and the Legacy of Margaret Garner (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2013). First quotation on p. ix; second on p. 6.

Ed Baptist, The Half that Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (New York: Basic Books, 2014).

Darlene Clark Hine and Kathleen Thompson, A Shining Thread of Hope: The History of Black Women in America (New York: Broadway, 1998).

Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Within the Plantation Household: Black & White Women of the Old South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988).

Dawn Peterson, Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017).

Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).

Woody Holton, Forced Founders, Indians, Debtors, Slaves and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2011).

Adam Rothman, Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (Boston: Harvard, 2007)

Colin Calloway, The Scratch of the Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004), 47.

Sarah Deer, The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015).

Deborah Miranda, Bad Indians: A Tribal Memoir (Berkeley: Heyday Press, 2012).

Antiblackness

Alicia Garza, “What is the Future of Black Lives Under a Kleptocracy,” Lecture at the Barnard Center for Research on Women, April 11, 2017, 50:52.

Antiblackness and the “Price of the Ticket”

James Baldwin, “On Being ‘White’ … and Other Lies,” Essence Magazine14:12 (April 1984): 90-92.

Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider (Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1984), 147, 114.

“Revolutionary Hope: A Conversation Between James Baldwin and Audre Lorde,” Essence Magazine 15:8 (December 1984): 72-74, 129-130, 133.

The Haitian Revolution

Jayne Boisvert, “Colonial Hell and Female Slave Resistance in Saint-Domingue.” Journal of Haitian Studies 7:1 (Spring 2001): 61-76.

Laurent Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004).

C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (New York: Vintage, 1989).

Emancipation through Insurrection, The General Strike

Thavolia Glymph, Out of the House of Bondage: The Transformation of the Plantation Household (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008). First quotation on p. 109. Second on p. 150.

Thavolia Glymph,“Rosa’s War and the Gendered Politics of a Slave Insurgency in the Civil War.” The Journal of the Civil War Era 3:4 (December 2013): 501-532.

E. B. DuBois, Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 (New York: Atheneum, 1998 [1935]), 55-83.

David Roediger, Seizing Freedom: Slave Emancipation and Liberty for All (New York: Verso, 2014), p. 17.

Special Issue on Harriet Tubman. Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism. 12:2 (2014).

Washerwomen’s Strikes

Quotes in Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 75, 93, 91.

W.E.B. DuBois, Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 (New York: Atheneum, 1998 [1935]), 53-83.

Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

Survival, Perseverance and Resistance

Dorothy Sterling, We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century (New York: W.W. Norton, 1984), 358.

Stephanie Camp, Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women and Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 36.

Katherine Van Wormer, et al., The Maid Narratives: Black Domestics and White Families in the Jim Crow South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012), 159.

Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 60-61.

Mass Criminalization, Incarcerating Domestic Workers

Talitha L. LeFlouria, Chained in Silence: Black Women and Convict Labor in the New South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 3, 15.

Sarah Haley, No Mercy Here: Gender, Punishment, and the Making of Jim Crow Modernity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016), 3, 43-44, 189.

Washerwoman quoted in Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 133.

Convict Domestic Labor

Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 12.

Sarah Haley, No Mercy Here: Gender, Punishment, and the Making of Jim Crow Modernity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016), 72-73.

Domestic Servitude on Parole

Cheryl D. Hicks, Talk With You Like a Woman: African American Women, Justice, and Reform in New York, 1890-1935 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 240.

Sarah Haley, No Mercy Here: Gender, Punishment, and the Making of Jim Crow Modernity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016), 176, 189.

Imprisoned Resistance

Sarah Haley, No Mercy Here: Gender, Punishment, and the Making of Jim Crow Modernity (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016), 207, 183-89.

Cheryl D. Hicks, Talk With You Like a Woman: African American Women, Justice, and Reform in New York, 1890-1935 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 240.

Talitha L. LeFlouria, Chained in Silence: Black Women and Convict Labor in the New South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 14.

Anne M. Butler, Gendered Justice in the American West: Women Prisoners in Men’s Penitentiaries (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 213-15.

Domestic Work in the Mexican Borderlands

Rosaura Sánchez, Telling Identities: The Californio Testimonies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995). Quotations on p. 172.

Maria Raquel Casas, Married to a Daughter of the Land: Spanish-Mexican Women and Interethnic Marriage in California, 1820-1880 (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2007), 52-54.

Dedra Shawn McDonald, “Negotiated Conquests: Domestic Servants and Gender in the Spanish and Mexican Borderlands, 1598-1860” (PhD Dissertation, University of New Mexico, 2000), 11, 47, 83, 104.

Resistance in the Mexican Borderlands

The 1837 Jamul Rancho Raid

James Brooks, Captives & Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2002), first quote on p. 39.

Apolinaria Lorenzana, “Memories of La Beata: Doña Apolinaria Lorenzana.” The Californians: The Magazine of California History 8:1 (May-June 1990), second quote on p. 23.

Rosaura Sánchez, Telling Identities: The Californio Testimonies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995), 143-56.

Rose Marie Beebe, Testimonios: Early California Through the Eyes of Women, 1815-1848 (Berkeley: University of California, 2006), 130-32, 183-87.

Carol Douglas Sparks, “The Land Incarnate: Navajo Women and the Dialogue of Colonialism, 1821-1870.” In Negotiators of Change: Historical Perspectives on Native American Women, ed. Nancy Shoemaker (New York: Routledge, 1995), 138.

Richard Griswold del Castillo, “Neither Activists nor Victims: Mexican Women’s Historical Discourse: The Case of San Diego, 1820-1850.” California History 74:3 (Fall 1995), 237.

“We Didn’t Cross The Border, the Border Crossed Us”

Ned Blackhawk, Violence over the Land: Indians and Empires in the Early American West (Cambridge:

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 33-43, 77-81.

Dorothy Cowser Yancy, “Dorothy Bolden, Organizer of Domestic Workers: She Was Born Poor But She Would Not Bow Down,” Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 3 (Spring 1986): 53-55.

Dorothy Cowser Yancy, “Dorothy Lee Bolden.” In Black Women in America. Ed. Darlene Clark Hine. Second Edition (New York Oxford University Press, 2005).

Ayannah Zafir, “Mrs. Dorothy Lee Bolden, Founder and President of The National Domestic Workers of America, Inc.,” Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Blog of the Archives Division (November 19, 2011).

Daniel E. Slotnik, “Overlooked No More: Dorothy Bolden, Who Started a Movement for Domestic Workers.” New York Times (February 20, 2019).

The Trafficking of Domestic Workers

Benjamin Madley, An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), 73, 100, 332.

Michael Magliari, “Free State Slavery: Bound Indian Labor and Slave Trafficking in California’s Sacramento Valley, 1850-1864,” Pacific Historical Review 81:2 (May 2012), 167-176.

The Tohono O’odham, The Outing System, and Outing in the Southwest

Colin G. Calloway, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2016). Quote in “The Outing System” on p. 382.

Victoria K. Haskins, Matrons and Maids:Regulating Indian Domestic Service in Tucson, 1914–1934 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2012). Quote in “Outing in the Southwest” on p. 92. See also 35-36, 86-87.

Margaret D. Jacobs, White Mother to a Dark Race: Settler Colonialism, Maternalism, and the Removal of Indigenous Children in the American West and Australia, 1880-1940 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009).

Margaret D. Jacobs, “Diverted Mothering among American Indian Domestic Servants, 1920-1940.” In Indigenous Women and Work: From Labor to Activism. Carol Williams, ed. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012): 179-92.

Margaret D. Jacobs, “Working on the Domestic Frontier: American Indian Domestic Servants in White Households in San Francisco, 1920-1940.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 27:1-2 (2007): 165-199.

Margaret D. Jacobs, Engendered Encounters: Feminism and Pueblo Cultures, 1879-1934 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999).

Jacqueline Fear-Segal, White Man’s Club: Schools, Race, and the Struggle of Indian Acculturation (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007).

Jacqueline Fear-Segal and Susan D. Rose, eds. Carlisle Indian Industrial School: Indigenous Histories, Memories, and Reclamations. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016.

Victoria K. Haskins and Claire Lowrie, eds. Colonization and Domestic Service: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 2014).

Brenda Child, Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998).

K. Tsianina Lomawaima, “Domesticity in the Federal Indian Schools: The Power of Authority over Mind and Body.” American Ethnologist 20:2 (May 1993): 227-40.

K. Tsianina Lomawaima, They Called It Prairie Light: The Story of the Chilocco Indian School (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 86.

Margaret Archuleta, Brenda Child, and Tsianina Lomawaima, eds., Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences, 1879-2000 (Phoenix: Heard Museum, 2000).

Kevin Whalen, Native Students at Work: American Indian Labor and Sherman Institute’s Outing Program, 1900-1945 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016).

Victoria Patterson, “Indian Life in the City: A Glimpse of the Urban Experience of Pomo Women in the 1930s.” California History 71 (Fall 1992): 410.

Frances Sallie Manuel, Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001).

Louise Newman, “Women’s Rights, Race, and Imperialism in US History.” In Race, Nation, and Empire in American History. Eds. James T. Campbell et al. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007): 157-77.

Outing Contracts, Outing Girls. Records of the Berkeley Outing Matron and Placement Officer, 1916-1933, Folder in Box 1, Record Group 75, Bureau of Indian Affairs, National Archives and Records Administration, Pacific Region, San Bruno, California, 1930.

In the White Man’s Image, directed by Christine Lesiak, et al. (Boston: WGBH, 1991), DVD.

For info on the founding of the Carson/Stewart Indian School see http://stewartindianschool.com/history/

Only One-Third the Wage

Mary Romero, Maid in the U.S.A. (New York: Routledge, 2002), 110.

Deena González, Refusing the Favor: The Spanish-Mexican Women of Santa Fe, 1820-1880 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 43-44, 86.

The Irish Bridget

Andrew T. Urban, “The Advantages of Empire: Chinese Servants and Conflicts over Settler Domesticity in the ‘White Pacific,’ 1870-1900,” in Making the Empire Work: Labor & United States Imperialism. Edited by Daniel E. Bender and Jana K. Lipman (New York: NYU Press, 2015), 264.

Danielle Taylor Phillips, “Moving with the Women: Tracing Racialization, Migration, and Domestic Workers in the Archive,” Signs 38:2 (Winter 2013): 379–404.

Hannah Collins quoted in Margaret Lynch-Brennan, The Irish Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840-1930 (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2009), 42-48.

Chinese Servants

Erika Lee, The Making of Asian America: A History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 66.

Andrew Urban, “An Intimate World: Race, Migration, and Chinese and Irish Domestic Servants in the United States, 1850-1920.” PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2009, 40.

Ah Quin quoted in Mae Ngai, The Lucky Ones: One Family and the Extraordinary Invention of Chinese America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 11.

Diaries of Ah Quin, MS 209, 1878-1879, San Diego History Center, San Diego, CA.

Picture Brides, Japanese Immigrant Domestic Workers, Nisei Generation

Erika Lee, The Making of Asian America: A History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 109-111.

Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Issei, Nisei, War Bride: Three Generations of Japanese American Women in Domestic Service (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986). Mrs. Yoshida, 46; Mrs. Aoki, 125.

Border Crossings

Sonia Hernández, Working Women into the Borderlands (College Station: Texas A&M, 2014), quotation on p. 23.

Immigration Act of February 5, 1917, Public Law 64-301, 64th Congress, 2nd Session (39 Stat. 874).

Vicki Ruiz, From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 6.

Kelly Lytle Hernández, Migra! A History of the Border Patrol (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010).

Carmelita Torres and the Bath Riot of 1917

Miguel Antonio Levano, Militarizing the Border: When Mexicans Became the Enemy (College Station: Texas A&M University, 2012), 90-91.

David Dorado Romo, Ringside Seat to a Revolution: An Underground Cultural History of El Paso and Juárez: 1893-1923 (El Paso: Cinco Puntos Press, 2005).

New York Times, January 29, 1917, 4.

El Paso Herald, January 29, 1917.

Clocking Out for Good

Jesusita Torres quoted in Vicki Ruiz, From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 14-19.

See also the oral histories with Mexican domestic workers in El Paso at the Institute of Oral History at University of Texas at El Paso.

Entry Denied

Mae M. Ngai, “The Architecture of Race in American Immigration Law: A Reexamination of the Immigration Act of 1924,” The Journal of American History 86:1 (June 1999): 67-92.

Clandestine Organizing During the War, “Work or Fight” Laws

Tera Hunter, To ‘Joy My Freedom: Southern Black Women’s Lives and Labors After the Civil War (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 224, 229, 231.

Ruth Reed “The Negro Women of Gainesville, Georgia.” Bulletin of the University of Georgia, 22:1, Serial No. 321 (December 1921), 46-47.

Rebecca Sharpless, Cooking in Other Women’s Kitchens: Domestic Workers in the South, 1865-1960 (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2013), 82.

The Great Migration

Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration (New York: Vintage, 2001).

Barbara Ransby, Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 66.

Conditions of Live-In Domestic Work, Transition from Living In to Day Work

Mary Johnson Sprow and Velma Davis quoted in Elizabeth Clark-Lewis, Living In, Living Out: African American Women Domestics in Washington, DC, 1910-1940 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 2014), 106, 109.

Elizabeth Clark-Lewis, “Duty and ‘Fast Living’: The Diary of Mary Johnson Sprow, Domestic Worker,” Washington History 5:1 (Spring/Summer 1993): 61.

Katherine Van Wormer, David W. Jackson III and Charletta Sudduth. The Maid Narratives: Black Domestics and White Families in the Jim Crow South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2012), 83.

Keona K. Erwin, “Breaking the ‘Harness of Household Slavery’: Domestic Workers, the Women’s Division of the St. Louis Urban League, and the Politics of Labor Reform during the Great Depression.” International Labor and Working-Class History 88 (Fall 2015), 52.

The Great Depression

Kathleen Thompson and Hilary Austin, eds. The Face Of Our Past: Images of Black Women from Colonial America to the Present (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 59.

Joe W. Trotter, “African Americans, Impact of Great Depression On,” Encyclopedia of the Great Depression, Ed. Robert S. McElvaine. Vol. 1 (New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004): 8-17.

Bryant Simon, “Race Reactions, African American Organizing, Liberalism, and White Working-Class Politics in Post War South Carolina,” in Jumpin’ Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights, eds. Jane Dailey, et al. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000), 242.

Marvel Cooke, “‘Paper Bag Brigade’ Learns How to Deal with Gypping Employers,” New York Compass (New York, New York), January 10, 1950.

Vanessa May, Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Reform in New York, 1870-1940 (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 123.

Minnie Marshall, interview by Vivian Morris. Library of Congress, U.S. Work Projects Administration, Federal Writers’ Project, 1938.

The Slave Markets

Ella Baker and Marvel Cooke, “The Slave Market,” The Crisis 42 (November 1935): 330-332.

Vanessa H. May, Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-Class Reform in New York, 1870-1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 123-27.

Brenda Clegg Gray, Black Female Domestics During the Depression in New York City, 1930-1940 (New York: Garland, 1993), 60-1.

Marvel Cooke

Marvel Cooke, interview by Kathleen Currie, Women in Journalism for the Washington press Club Foundation, October 6, 1989.

Ella Baker and Marvel Cooke, “The Slave Market,” The Crisis 42 (November 1935): 330-332.

Dayo Gore, Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War (New York: New York University Press, 2011), 100-29.

Lashawn Harris, “Marvel Cooke: Investigative Journalist, Communist, and Black Radical Subject,” Journal for the Study of Radicalism 6:2 (Fall 2012): 102.

Marvel Cooke Goes Undercover

Marvel Cooke, interview with Kathleen Currie, October 6, 1989, Women in Journalism Oral History Project, Washington Press Club Foundation.

Afro-Caribbean Domestic Workers, Mutual Aid Societies

Irma Watkins-Owens, Blood Relations: Caribbean Immigrants and the Harlem Community, 1900-1930(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996).

Irma Watkins-Owens, “Early-Twentieth-Century Caribbean Women: Migration and Social Networks in New York City,” in Islands in the City: West Indian Migration to New York, ed. Nancy Foner (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001): 25-51.

Barbara Ransby, Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 68-9.

The Origins of Home Health Care Work

Eileen Boris and Jennifer Klein, Caring for America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 5-6.

Excluded from Labor Protections, “No Union Will Regulate My Home”

Vanessa H. May, Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-Class Reform in New York, 1870-1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 110-11, 138.

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 126-7.

Making Our Own New Deal

Keona K. Ervin, Gateway to Equality: Black Women and the Struggle for Economic Justice in St. Louis (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2017).

On Strike in El Paso

Zaragosa Vargas, Labor Rights are Civil Rights: Mexican American Workers in Twentieth-Century

America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 76-80.

Vicki L. Ruiz, “By the Day or the Week: Mexicana Domestic Workers in El Paso.” Women of the U.S.-Mexico Border, eds. Vicki L. Ruiz and Susan Tiano (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987): 61-76.

El Paso Herald Post, August 22, 1933, September 5, 1933, September 23, 1933; El Paso Times, September 14, 1933; El Continental, August 31, 1933.

Interview with Charles V. Porras by Oscar J. Martinez, 1975, “Interview no. 212,” Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso.

“No Window Washing!”

“Domestics Plan to Form Union,” New York Amsterdam News (October 17, 1936), 12.

“Campaign to Wipe out ‘Bronx Slave Market’,” New York Amsterdam News (March 6, 1937), 13.

Vanessa H. May, Unprotected Labor: Household Workers, Politics, and Middle-Class Reform in New York, 1870-1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 155-65.

Esther Victoria Cooper, “The Negro Woman Domestic Worker in Relation to Trade Unionism.” MA Thesis, Fisk University, 1940.

On Strike in Harlem

Dayo F. Gore, Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War (New York: New York University Press, 2011), 112.

Erik S. McDuffie, Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2011).

Black Left Feminisms

Dayo F. Gore, Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War (New York: New York University Press, 2011).

Erik S. McDuffie, Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2011).

Kate Weigand, Red Feminism: American Communism and the Making of Women’s Liberation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Women Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 18.

Shining a Light on Women’s Organizing

Esther Cooper Jackson quoted in Erik S. McDuffie, Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2011), 102.

Esther Victoria Cooper, “The Negro Woman Domestic Worker in Relation to Trade Unionism.” MA Thesis, Fisk University, 1940.

Claudia Jones, “An End to the Neglect…”, Claudia Jones is Deported

Claudia Jones and Carole Boyce Davies, Claudia Jones: Beyond Containment: Autobiographical Reflections, Essays and Poems (Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK: Ayebia Clarke Pub, 2011).

Carole Boyce Davies, Left of Karl Marx: The Political Life of Black Communist Claudia Jones (Durham: Duke University Press, 2007).

Erik S. McDuffie, Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism, and the Making of Black Left Feminism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2011).

Alice Childress, Conversations About Domestic Labor

Alice Childress, Like One of the Family: Conversations from a Domestic’s Life (Boston: Beacon Press, [1956] 2017), 3.

Philip Bader, African-American Writers (New York: Facts on File, 2004), 41.

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Women Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 9.

Dayo Gore, Radicalism at the Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War (New York: New York University Press, 2011), 65, 108-9.

Japanese War Brides

Evelyn Nakano Glenn, Issei, Nisei, War Bride: Three Generations of Japanese American Women in Domestic Service (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986).

An Underground “Bracera” Program

Alicia Schmidt Camacho, Migrant Imaginaries: Latino Cultural Politics in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands (New York: New York University Press), 63.

Martha Gardner, The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration and Citizenship, 1870-1965 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009), 210.

Lawrence D. T. Hansen, “The Origins of the Maquila Industry in Mexico.” Comercio Exterior53, no. 11 (November, 2003): 1-16.

The Struggle Against Everyday Violence, Demanding Dignity, Georgia Teresa Gilmore, A Secret Civil Rights Kitchen

Danielle McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance — A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), Quote on p. 63.

Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and The Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Edited by David J. Garrow (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987).

Jeanne Theoharis, The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks (Boston: Beacon Press, 2014).

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Women Who Built a Movement. Boston: Beacon Press, 2015, 18-32.

Premilla Nadasen, “Recognizing the Household Workers on the Front Lines of Protest in Montgomery, Ala., 1955.” The Root (November 23, 2015).

Robin D. G. Kelley, “‘We Are Not What We Seem’: Rethinking Black Working-Class Opposition in the Jim Crow South.” Journal of American History 80:1 (June 1993): 104-105.

Rosa Parks, Domestic Worker and Anti-Rape Activist

Danielle L. McGuire, “The Maid and Mr. Charlie: Rosa Parks and the Struggle for Black Women’s Bodily Integrity.” In U.S. Women’s History: Untangling the Threads of Sisterhood, eds. Leslie Brown, Jacqueline Castledine, and Anne Valk (Rutgers University Press, 2017), 67-82.

The Hart-Celler Act of 1965

Erika Lee, The Making of Asian America: A History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 285.

Mae M. Ngai, “Hart-Celler at Fifty: Lessons for Immigration Reform in Our Time,” Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 12:3 (September 2015): 19-22.

From the Caribbean Islands to New York’s Suburbs

Interview with Ellen Catherine Marcelle Fletcher, by Andrew Fletcher, December 26, 2016, Cambria Heights, NY. Courtesy of the Fletcher family.

$1.25 A Week, Starting at Age 9, “I asked God and He Said”

Dorothy Bolden, interview by Bernard West (December 7, 1978), Living Atlanta Oral History Project Records, MSS 637, Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center.

The National Domestic Workers Union of America, First Maids’ Honor Day Banquet

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 33-43.

Dorothy Cowser Yancy, “Dorothy Bolden, Organizer of Domestic Workers: She Was Born Poor But She Would Not Bow Down,” Sage: A Scholarly Journal on Black Women 3 (Spring 1986): 53-55.

Dorothy Cowser Yancy, “Dorothy Lee Bolden.” In Black Women in America. Ed. Darlene Clark Hine. Second Edition (New York Oxford University Press, 2005).

Daniel E. Slotnik, “Overlooked No More: Dorothy Bolden, Who Started a Movement for Domestic Workers.” New York Times (February 20, 2019).

Winning Labor Protections at the State Level

Melnea Cass Obituary, Bay State Banner (December 21, 1978).

Bonnie Hurd Smith, “Melnea A. Cass,” Boston Women’s Heritage Trail, n.d.

“Governor Honors Activist Melnea Cass, June 19, 1968,” Mass Moments, n.d.

“Melnea Cass, First Lady of Roxbury: Community Leader, Civil Rights Activist” in Notable Black American Women, Eds. Shirelle Phelps and Jessie Carney Smith (New York: Gale, 1992).

Jean Dietz, “Celebrating the Life of Melnea Cass,” The Boston Globe (July 3, 1988).

Lydia Edwards and Rebecca G. Pontikes, “Ending the myths about the Domestic Workers’ Bill of Rights, Mass Bar Association Lawyers Journal (February 2015).

First Lady of Roxbury, Melnea Cass Breaks It Down

Melnea Cass Interview with Tahi Lani Mottl, Black Women Oral History Project Interviews. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University (February 1, 1977).

Boston Women’s Heritage Trail

Becoming Household Technicians, The First-Ever National Organization, Finally, Minimum Wage, “As We Upgrade the Household Worker”

“Geraldine Miller,” Neighborhood Women Williamsburg-Greenpoint, n.d.

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015).

“We Got to Stand Up and Be Counted”, The Question

Geraldine Miller, Interview with Loretta J. Ross (October 14, 2004), Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA.

Storytelling to Build Solidarity and Power

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 111, 103, 52-3.

Geraldine Miller, interview with Loretta Ross, transcript of video recording, p. 29, October 14, 2004. Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA.

Geraldine Roberts, interview with Malaika Lumumba, August 1, 1970, Ralph J. Bunche Oral History Collection, Mooreland-Spingarn Research Collection, Howard University, accession no. 593, p. 11.

“Our Right to Know” — History as An Organizing Tool

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 114, 176-80.

Reminiscences of Carolyn Reed, interview by Martha Sandlin, April 15, 1980, transcript, 16, Columbia Center for Oral History, Butler Library, Columbia University, NY.

Bonita Johnson, “’There’s No More Getting’ on Their Knees’: An Historical Overview of Household Employment in the US” (MA Thesis, Sarah Lawrence College, 1982).

Quotation from interview with Bonita Johnson, Household Employment News 12:2 (August 1980), Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

“Nobody Knows the Master Better Than the Servant”

Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor, Thursdays and Every Other Sunday Off: A Domestic Rap by Verta Mae (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2018 [1972]), 75, 8-9, 41.

Transformation in the Home Health Care Sector, “Take Us Out of Slavery”

Eileen Boris and Jennifer Klein, “Organizing Home Care: Low-Waged Workers in the Welfare State,” Politics & Society 34:1 (March 2006), 87.

Eileen Boris and Jennifer Klein, Caring for America: Home Health Workers in the Shadow of the Welfare State(New York: Oxford University Press, 2012). Quotations on these pages: 97, 15-16, 17, 123, 139-40, 209.

“If Black Women Were Free, Everyone Would Be Free”

Alethia Jones, et al., eds. Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around: Forty Years of Movement Building with Barbara Smith(Albany: SUNY Press, 2014). Quotation on p. 109.

Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017).

Barbara Smith, Voices of Feminism Oral History, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA, 33:20.

Radical Women of Color Feminisms

Frances Beal, Interview with Loretta J. Ross (March 18, 2005), Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA.

Linda Burnham, Interview with Loretta J. Ross (March 18, 2005), Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA.

Kimberly Springer, Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968-1980 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2005).

Triple Jeopardy

Barbara J. Love, ed., Feminists Who Changed America, 1963-1975 (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2015), 48.

“On the Job: Domestic Workers,” Triple Jeopardy 2:4 (March-April 1973), 4.

Third World Women’s Alliance from National SNCC, Triple Jeopardy, 1:2, Box 7, Folder 1, Third World

Women’s Alliance Papers, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA.

Divided and United at the Border

Christina Mendoza, “Crossing Borders: Women, Migration and Domestic Work at the Texas-Mexico Divide.” PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2009.

Vicki L. Ruiz, “By the Day or the Week: Mexicana Domestic Workers in El Paso.” Women of the U.S.-Mexico Border, eds. Vicki L. Ruiz and Susan Tiano (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987): 61-76.

What is Neoliberalism?

Diana Sierra Becerra, ”Lesson Plan: US Intervention in Central America,” (2018).

Kevin Young, “The Huddled Masses Were Never Welcome.” counterpunch (September 5, 2017).

Greg Grandin, Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism (New York: Metropolitan, 2006).

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

Douglas S. Massey and Karen A. Pren, “Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Policy: Explaining the Post-1965 Surge from Latin America.” Population and Development Review 38.1 (2012): 1–29.

Grace Chang, Disposable Domestics: Immigrant Women Workers in the Global Economy (Boston: South End Press, 2000), 59-60.

Mae M. Ngai, “Reforming Immigration for Good.” New York Times, January 29, 2013.

A New Generation of Immigrant Domestic Workers

Premilla Nadasen, Household Workers Unite: The Untold Story of African American Who Built a Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2015), 148-161.

Mae M. Ngai, “Reforming Immigration for Good.” New York Times, January 29, 2013.

Community-Based Worker Centers

Ruth Milkman, et al., eds. Working for Justice: The L.A. Model of Organizing and Advocacy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010).

Janice Fine, Worker Centers: Organizing Communities at the Edge of the Dream (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006).

The First Major Wave of Brazilian Immigration, Brazilian Domestic Workers Organize

Quote in DeAnne K. Hilfinger Messias, “Experiences of Brazilian Immigrants in the United States.” In Women’s Work, Health, and Quality of Life, ed. Afaf I. Meleis (CRC Press, 2001), 11.

Natalicia Tracy, et al., “Invisible No More: Domestic Workers Organizing in Massachusetts and Beyond.” Labor Studies Faculty Publication. Paper 1 (2014).

https://www.braziliancenter.org/about/

Mujeres Unidas y Activas, The Heart of the Home

Text on MUA was taken from this essay: Andrea Cristina Mercado and Ai-jen Poo, “Domestic Workers Organizing in the United States.”In From Changing Their World, First Edition, ed. Srilatha Batliwala. Association for Women’s Rights in Development, 2008.