Primary Sources
City and County of San Francisco. Registered Business Locations – San Francisco. January 16, 2014 (live dataset). Published by Treasurer-Tax Collector Department. https://data.sfgov.org/d/g8m3-pdis?category=Economy-and-Community&view_name=Registered-Business-Locations-San-Francisco
San Francisco Historical Photograph Collection. San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library. San Francisco, California.
Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Tracy Kugler, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 16.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2021. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V16.0
Secondary Sources
Chalabi, Mona. “How the US Census Misses People of Color – and Why It’s so Harmful.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, February 27, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/datablog/2020/feb/27/2020-us-census-black-people-mistakes-count.
Dickinson Jr., William B. “Urban Renewal Under Fire.” In Editorial Research Reports 1963, vol. II, 603-21. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1963. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1963082100.
Flanagan, Michael. “BARchive :: When Hayes Meant Gays.” Bay Area Reporter, January 31, 2016. https://www.ebar.com/entertainment/culture/192651.
Goldberg, Gail, and Chloe Saraceni. “Guide to Hayes Valley: San Francisco’s Haven for Shoppers, Foodies + Bon Vivants.” 7×7 Bay Area. 7×7 Bay Area, November 17, 2021. https://www.7×7.com/hayes-valley-san-francisco-guide-2450988297.html.
Klein, Jordan. “A Community Lost: Urban Renewal and Displacement in San Francisco’s Western Addition District,” 2008.
McDonald, Reginald. “The Birth and Life of the Freeway in Hayes Valley.” Hoodline, October 23, 2020. https://hoodline.com/2015/08/hayes-valley-the-central-freeway/.
Schafran, Alex. The Road to Resegregation: Northern California and the Failure of Politics. University of California Press, 2019.
Sen, Mayukh. “The Freaky, Fabulous Story of Marlena’s, San Francisco’s Santa-Studded Drag Bar.” VICE, December 19, 2017. https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kpanj/marlenas-san-franciscos-santa-drag-queen-bar-oral-history.
Shaw, Randy. Generation Priced Out: Who Gets to Live in the New Urban America. 1st ed., University of California Press, 2018, http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctv5cgbsh.
Stewart, Juell. “San Francisco African American Reparations Advisory Committee Presentation.” San Francisco: Hayes Valley Neighborhood Association, September 2021.
Whiting, Sam. “Emmit Powell, Bay Area Gospel Music Mainstay and Restaurateur, Dies at 84.” Datebook. Datebook | San Francisco Chronicle, December 20, 2018. https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/music/emmit-powell-bay-area-gospel-music-mainstay-and-restaurateur-dies-at-84.